Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English VernacularWith the recent controversy in the Oakland, California school district about Ebonics or as it is referred to in sociolinguistic circles, African American Vernacular English or Black English Vernacular much attention has been paid to the patterns of speech prevalent among African Americans in the inner city. In January 1997, at the height of the Ebonics debate, author and prominent sociolinguist William Labov testified before a Senate subcommittee that