Surveillance and Spies in the Civil WarSurveillance and Spies in the Civil War represents pathbreaking research on the rise of U. S. Army intelligence operations in the Midwest during the American Civil War and counters long standing assumptions about Northern politics and society. At the beginning of the rebellion, state governors in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois cooperated with federal law enforcement officials in various attemptsall failedto investigate reports of secret groups and